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Chemically Induced of Diabetes Mellitus in Experimental Rats: Mechanisms, Protocols, and Translational Challenges

Rupesh Soni1Rahul Trivedi2Krishnapal Nagda3
PUBLISHED10 November 2026
VOLUME / ISSUE— / —
AUTHORS03
DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER10.5281/zenodo.24109549
ARTICLE OVERVIEW
THE RESEARCH AT A GLANCE

Abstract

Background Diabetes Mellitus (DM) continues to be a major issue globally and hence rigorous preclinical testing and experimenting with new drugs is of paramount importance. Laboratory animals help to a large extent in this endeavor as their use in experiments is justified through their cost-effectiveness and reproducibility. Objective: The objective of the current review is to provide an overview and mechanistic assessment of major agent causing diabetes in laboratory rats suggested to be used in various studies. Main Mechanisms: The major agents causing diabetes include streptozotocin (STZ) and alloxan which work through the stimulation of transmembrane glucose transporter of GLUT-2. The main mechanism of STZ is its entry into pancreatic ducts where it triggers DNA alkylation along with hyperactivation of PARP and exhaustion of NAD. Alloxan on the other hand initiates rapid redox cycling inside the cells generating high concentrations of ROS. Other agents include dithizone, which inactivates insulin due to its ability to chelate zinc ions besides gold thioglucose and monosodium glutamate which act on the hypothalamus causing the diabetic syndrome. Practical implications: High-dose approaches can successfully bring to life the total lack of insulin seen in Type 1 diabetes (T1DM), whereas low-dose settings together with nutrition changes replicate the insulin resistance and the gradual destruction of β-cells typical for Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) [9]. The task of optimizing these models includes overcoming the challenges of strain variations, different mortality rates, and the issue of spontaneous β-cell regeneration.

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Authors & affiliations

01

Rupesh Soni

Professor and Principal, B R Nahata College of Pharmacy, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India

02

Rahul Trivedi

Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujrat, India

03

Krishnapal Nagda

Assistant Professor, B R Nahata College of Pharmacy, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India

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Rupesh Soni, Rahul Trivedi, Krishnapal Nagda. Chemically Induced of Diabetes Mellitus in Experimental Rats: Mechanisms, Protocols, and Translational Challenges. ClinSphere Journals. 2026;undefined(undefined):1-3. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24109549
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References

28 sources
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